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Electronic commerce (or simply e-commerce) is more than just buying and selling products or services online.
It encompasses the entire online process of developing, marketing, selling, delivering, servicing, and paying for products and services.
E-commerce systems rely on the resources of the Internet and other computer networks to support every step of the process.
Through an e-commerce system, customers can order and make payment for the products or services they purchase online and receive support at the company’s websites through the Internet.
It also allows customers and suppliers to participate in product development via Internet newsgroups and E-mail exchanges.
There are three basic types of e-commerce applications: business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), and consumer-to-consumer (C2C).
Business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce is the online automation of purchase and sale transactions from business to business.
Many companies use secure Internet or extranets for their business customers and suppliers to access to their websites while some may rely on electronic data interchange (EDI) systems.
Cisco Systems, a leading manufacturer of computer networking equipment, makes about 40 percent of its sales online.
These activities include order taking, credit check, production scheduling and technical support to their customers.
General Electric and the United Parcel Service (UPS) are a few of many other firms that offer B2B e-commerce sites.
Business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce creates electronic marketplaces where businesses promote and sell products and services directly to consumers.
In this form of electronic commerce, which has grown into a multibillion dollar market, businesses can bypass intermediaries such as distributors or retail outlets.
Companies like Amazon.com and Dell Corporation offer e-commerce websites that provide virtual storefronts and multimedia catalogs, interactive order processing, secure electronic payment systems, and online customer support.
Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) e-commerce is an important alternative for business-to-business or business-to-consumer e-commerce.
In this form of e-commerce, consumers can buy and sell products and services with each other in an auction process at an auction website.
Through an online auction site like e-Bay, one of the most successful C2C e-commerce models, consumers or businesses can participate in or sponsor consumer or business auctions.
Other forms of consumer-to-consumer e-commerce include personal advertising of products or services by consumers at electronic newspaper sites, consumer e-commerce portals, or personal websites.
E-commerce (atau sederhananya e-commerce) lebih dari sekadar membeli dan menjual produk atau layanan secara online. Ini mencakup seluruh proses online dari pengembangan, pemasaran, penjualan, pengiriman, pelayanan, dan pembayaran untuk produk dan layanan. Sistem e-commerce bergantung pada sumber daya Internet dan jaringan komputer lainnya untuk mendukung setiap langkah proses. Melalui sistem e-commerce, pelanggan dapat memesan dan melakukan pembayaran untuk produk atau layanan yang mereka beli secara online dan menerima dukungan di situs web perusahaan melalui Internet. Ini juga memungkinkan pelanggan dan pemasok untuk berpartisipasi dalam pengembangan produk melalui grup berita Internet dan pertukaran E-mail. Ada tiga jenis dasar aplikasi e-commerce: business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), dan consumer-to-consumer (C2C). E-commerce business-to-business (B2B) adalah otomatisasi online transaksi pembelian dan penjualan dari bisnis ke bisnis. Banyak perusahaan menggunakan Internet atau extranet yang aman bagi pelanggan bisnis dan pemasok mereka untuk mengakses situs web mereka sementara beberapa mungkin bergantung pada sistem pertukaran data elektronik (EDI). Cisco Systems, produsen peralatan jaringan komputer terkemuka, menghasilkan sekitar 40 persen penjualannya secara online. Kegiatan ini meliputi pengambilan pesanan, pemeriksaan kredit, penjadwalan produksi, dan dukungan teknis kepada pelanggan mereka. General Electric dan United Parcel Service (UPS) adalah beberapa dari banyak perusahaan lain yang menawarkan situs e-commerce B2B. E-commerce business-to-consumer (B2C) menciptakan pasar elektronik tempat bisnis mempromosikan dan menjual produk dan layanan langsung ke konsumen. Dalam bentuk e-commerce ini, yang telah berkembang menjadi pasar bernilai miliaran dolar, bisnis dapat melewati perantara seperti distributor atau outlet ritel. Perusahaan seperti Amazon.com dan Dell Corporation menawarkan situs web e-commerce yang menyediakan etalase virtual dan katalog multimedia, pemrosesan pesanan interaktif, sistem pembayaran elektronik yang aman, dan dukungan pelanggan online. E-commerce consumer-to-consumer (C2C) adalah alternatif penting untuk e-commerce business-to-business atau business-to-consumer. Dalam bentuk e-commerce ini, konsumen dapat membeli dan menjual produk dan layanan satu sama lain dalam proses lelang di situs web lelang. Melalui situs lelang online seperti e-Bay, salah satu model e-commerce C2C yang paling sukses, konsumen atau bisnis dapat berpartisipasi dalam atau mensponsori lelang konsumen atau bisnis. Bentuk lain dari e-commerce consumer-to-consumer termasuk iklan pribadi produk atau layanan oleh konsumen di situs surat kabar elektronik, portal e-commerce konsumen, atau situs web pribadi.