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Terjemahan
One of the most tragic parts of the history of North and South America is the period of African slavery.
For hundreds of years, many people were taken from Africa, by force, to work in the fields of many different countries in North and South America.
When Europeans first came to the Americas, some of them realized that they might make money by growing crops and selling them in Europe.
However, in order to make money, they would need a cheap source of labor.
Few Europeans would come to the Americas to work for low wages, so instead, the landowners looked for slaves.
In the areas of the great farms, or plantations, there were few Indians, so they used another source of slaves: Africa.
The plantation owners usually obtained slaves by buying them from local kings in western Africa.
This led to many wars between rival kings within Africa, who tried to capture each other’s people in order to sell them as slaves.
A few kings tried to avoid the slave trade, but this was very difficult.
During a period of several hundred years, from the 1500s to the 1800s, about 12 million people were taken from western Africa to the Americas.
Many more people died as slaves before leaving Africa, and many more died on the ships that took them to the Americas.
This was because the conditions on the ships were extremely unhealthy: the ships were far too crowded, and there was little food and water.
When the African slaves arrived in the Americas, the plantation owners made them work on farms that produced goods such as cotton and sugar.
In many places, the work was very hard, and many of the slaves died from overwork.
They were then replaced by other slaves who arrived from Africa.
However, many slaves survived despite the brutal conditions.
In some places, the African slaves were able to revolt against the plantation owners.
However, this was difficult because the slaves who had recently arrived spoke many different languages.
Some slaves escaped into wilderness areas and were able to remain free from the plantation owners.
As time went by, many people in Europe and in the Americas realized that slavery was wrong.
By the 1830s, slavery had been ended, or abolished, in islands owned by the British, and in parts of the United States.
In the southern United States, slavery was ended in the 1860s, during the Civil War.
In some countries, such as Brazil and Cuba, slavery only ended in the 1880s.
Today, many millions of people in North and South America are the descendants of slaves who were brought from Africa.
The effects of slavery have lasted for many generations, and there was much racial prejudice against African people even when slavery ended.
However, some have achieved success despite these disadvantages.
Today, the people of African background in North and South America are a very important part of the population in many countries.
Salah satu bagian paling tragis dari sejarah Amerika Utara dan Selatan adalah periode perbudakan Afrika. Selama ratusan tahun, banyak orang diambil dari Afrika, dengan paksa, untuk bekerja di ladang di banyak negara berbeda di Amerika Utara dan Selatan. Ketika orang Eropa pertama kali datang ke Amerika, beberapa dari mereka menyadari bahwa mereka dapat menghasilkan uang dengan menanam tanaman dan menjualnya di Eropa. Namun, untuk menghasilkan uang, mereka membutuhkan sumber tenaga kerja murah. Hanya sedikit orang Eropa yang datang ke Amerika untuk bekerja dengan upah rendah, jadi sebagai gantinya, para pemilik tanah mencari budak. Di daerah pertanian besar, atau perkebunan, hanya ada sedikit orang Indian, jadi mereka menggunakan sumber budak lain: Afrika. Pemilik perkebunan biasanya mendapatkan budak dengan membeli mereka dari raja-raja lokal di Afrika barat. Hal ini menyebabkan banyak perang antara raja-raja saingan di Afrika, yang mencoba menangkap orang-orang satu sama lain untuk dijual sebagai budak. Beberapa raja mencoba menghindari perdagangan budak, tetapi ini sangat sulit. Selama periode beberapa ratus tahun, dari tahun 1500-an hingga 1800-an, sekitar 12 juta orang dibawa dari Afrika barat ke Amerika. Lebih banyak orang meninggal sebagai budak sebelum meninggalkan Afrika, dan lebih banyak lagi yang meninggal di kapal yang membawa mereka ke Amerika. Ini karena kondisi di kapal sangat tidak sehat: kapal terlalu penuh sesak, dan hanya ada sedikit makanan dan air. Ketika budak Afrika tiba di Amerika, pemilik perkebunan menyuruh mereka bekerja di pertanian yang menghasilkan barang-barang seperti kapas dan gula. Di banyak tempat, pekerjaan itu sangat berat, dan banyak budak meninggal karena terlalu banyak bekerja. Mereka kemudian digantikan oleh budak lain yang tiba dari Afrika. Namun, banyak budak yang selamat meskipun kondisinya brutal. Di beberapa tempat, budak Afrika dapat memberontak melawan pemilik perkebunan. Namun, ini sulit karena para budak yang baru tiba berbicara dalam banyak bahasa yang berbeda. Beberapa budak melarikan diri ke daerah hutan belantara dan dapat tetap bebas dari pemilik perkebunan. Seiring waktu, banyak orang di Eropa dan di Amerika menyadari bahwa perbudakan itu salah. Pada tahun 1830-an, perbudakan telah diakhiri, atau dihapuskan, di pulau-pulau yang dimiliki oleh Inggris, dan di beberapa bagian Amerika Serikat. Di Amerika Serikat bagian selatan, perbudakan berakhir pada tahun 1860-an, selama Perang Saudara. Di beberapa negara, seperti Brasil dan Kuba, perbudakan baru berakhir pada tahun 1880-an. Saat ini, jutaan orang di Amerika Utara dan Selatan adalah keturunan budak yang dibawa dari Afrika. Dampak perbudakan telah berlangsung selama beberapa generasi, dan ada banyak prasangka rasial terhadap orang Afrika bahkan ketika perbudakan berakhir. Namun, beberapa telah mencapai kesuksesan meskipun ada kerugian ini. Saat ini, orang-orang berlatar belakang Afrika di Amerika Utara dan Selatan adalah bagian yang sangat penting dari populasi di banyak negara.