Subtitle
Terjemahan
George Washington Carver is possibly the most famous agricultural scientist of all time.
He invented hundreds of products that could be made from crops such as peanuts and sweet potatoes, and he changed the methods of farming in the southern United States.
The story of George Washington Carver’s life is interesting and inspiring, as it shows how some people can achieve success despite adversity.
George Washington Carver was born in a small town in the American state of Missouri, in 1864 or 1865.
He was named after the first President of the United States.
George’s parents were slaves.
His father was killed in an accident, and his mother was kidnapped and later died.
George and his brother were raised by a married couple, the Carvers, who had owned George’s mother.
George was often sick during his childhood, but he showed an intense interest in nature.
The Carvers taught George to read and write, and he became known locally as an expert on plants.
Later, the Carvers sent George to a school for African-American children in a nearby town.
After his graduation, George Washington Carver continued his education in the state of Iowa.
While a student in Iowa, Carver had very little money and had to work at many jobs to afford the costs of his education.
However, his knowledge of plants was very impressive, and after receiving his Master’s degree, he became a teacher at the college he had attended as a student.
Soon, however, Carver moved south to the state of Alabama, where he worked as a teacher and researcher at a college for African-American students.
It was here that Carver stayed for the rest of his life, and it was here that he performed his important agricultural research.
One problem for farmers in the southern United States was that the most widespread crops, cotton and tobacco, tended to remove nutrients from the soil.
Carver realized that this problem could be solved, to some extent, by “rotating” the cotton and tobacco crops with other kinds of crops, such as peanuts and sweet potatoes, which could help to preserve the nutrients in the soil.
Carver’s discoveries made the peanut, the sweet potato, and the soybean very useful to southern farmers.
He invented the food product known as peanut butter, plus hundreds of other products.
For example, Carver found ways to produce plastics, ink, cooking oil, paints, and cosmetics from peanuts and other crops.
Carver also developed a new variety of cotton.
Carver received many awards for his scientific research, but he was never interested in fame or fortune.
When Carver died, in 1943, the American government made his birthplace a national monument.
Today, Carver is still known as a great agricultural scientist.
George Washington Carver mungkin adalah ilmuwan pertanian paling terkenal sepanjang masa. Dia menemukan ratusan produk yang dapat dibuat dari tanaman seperti kacang tanah dan ubi jalar, dan dia mengubah metode pertanian di Amerika Serikat bagian selatan. Kisah hidup George Washington Carver menarik dan menginspirasi, karena menunjukkan bagaimana beberapa orang dapat mencapai kesuksesan meskipun menghadapi kesulitan. George Washington Carver lahir di sebuah kota kecil di negara bagian Missouri, Amerika, pada tahun 1864 atau 1865. Dia dinamai menurut nama Presiden Amerika Serikat yang pertama. Orang tua George adalah budak. Ayahnya terbunuh dalam sebuah kecelakaan, dan ibunya diculik dan kemudian meninggal. George dan saudaranya dibesarkan oleh pasangan suami istri, keluarga Carver, yang memiliki ibu George. George sering sakit selama masa kecilnya, tetapi dia menunjukkan minat yang besar pada alam. Keluarga Carver mengajari George membaca dan menulis, dan dia dikenal secara lokal sebagai ahli tanaman. Kemudian, keluarga Carver mengirim George ke sekolah untuk anak-anak Afrika-Amerika di kota terdekat. Setelah lulus, George Washington Carver melanjutkan pendidikannya di negara bagian Iowa. Saat menjadi mahasiswa di Iowa, Carver hanya memiliki sedikit uang dan harus bekerja di banyak pekerjaan untuk membayar biaya pendidikannya. Namun, pengetahuannya tentang tanaman sangat mengesankan, dan setelah menerima gelar Master, dia menjadi guru di perguruan tinggi tempat dia bersekolah sebagai mahasiswa. Namun, tak lama kemudian, Carver pindah ke selatan ke negara bagian Alabama, tempat dia bekerja sebagai guru dan peneliti di sebuah perguruan tinggi untuk mahasiswa Afrika-Amerika. Di sinilah Carver tinggal selama sisa hidupnya, dan di sinilah dia melakukan penelitian pertanian pentingnya. Salah satu masalah bagi petani di Amerika Serikat bagian selatan adalah bahwa tanaman yang paling luas, kapas dan tembakau, cenderung menghilangkan nutrisi dari tanah. Carver menyadari bahwa masalah ini dapat dipecahkan, sampai batas tertentu, dengan "merotasi" tanaman kapas dan tembakau dengan jenis tanaman lain, seperti kacang tanah dan ubi jalar, yang dapat membantu melestarikan nutrisi di dalam tanah. Penemuan Carver membuat kacang tanah, ubi jalar, dan kedelai sangat berguna bagi petani selatan. Dia menemukan produk makanan yang dikenal sebagai selai kacang, ditambah ratusan produk lainnya. Misalnya, Carver menemukan cara untuk menghasilkan plastik, tinta, minyak goreng, cat, dan kosmetik dari kacang tanah dan tanaman lainnya. Carver juga mengembangkan varietas kapas baru. Carver menerima banyak penghargaan atas penelitian ilmiahnya, tetapi dia tidak pernah tertarik pada ketenaran atau kekayaan. Ketika Carver meninggal, pada tahun 1943, pemerintah Amerika menjadikan tempat kelahirannya sebagai monumen nasional. Saat ini, Carver masih dikenal sebagai ilmuwan pertanian yang hebat.