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About a thousand years ago, people known as the Vikings were known and feared throughout Europe.
The Vikings were the people of the northern part of Europe, called Scandinavia, which includes the modern countries of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.
The Vikings made their living by farming and fishing.
However, by about the year 700, they began making attacks, or raids, upon towns along the coasts of Europe in order to steal the wealth of those towns.
The Vikings made their attacks very quickly and without any warning.
They were very cruel to the people of the towns they attacked, and they sometimes destroyed the towns by burning down the buildings.
In some parts of Europe, the local kings would often fight against the Vikings.
Sometimes, however, the kings would pay the Vikings in order to persuade them not to attack.
Although the Vikings were known as fierce warriors, they also built excellent ships. The wooden Viking ships, called longboats, were able to sail even in very bad weather.
Many Viking longboats were about 20 metres long, but some were nearly 90 metres long.
The Viking sailors used both sails and oars to move their ships.
The Vikings travelled across a large area.
They made many of their attacks in Britain, France, and Germany, but sometimes sailed south, into the Mediterranean Sea.
Other Vikings moved to the east, and then south along the rivers of Russia. Some even went as far as the area that is now the country of Turkey.
In some places, the Vikings decided to stay.
Many Vikings settled in England and in France, and eventually they mixed with the local people.
Other Vikings settled in Russia and also mixed with the people there.
The most famous travels of the Vikings were in the Atlantic Ocean.
Vikings sailed westward to the island of Iceland where many of them stayed.
Today, the people of Iceland are descended from the Vikings.
Some Vikings sailed farther west to the cold island of Greenland.
Vikings lived in Greenland for several generations, but eventually they died out.
Some Vikings had gone even further west and reached the Canadian island of Newfoundland.
The Vikings only stayed for a few years, but they had reached North America about 500 years before Christopher Columbus!
Gradually, the Vikings became converted to the Christian religion.
They also stopped raiding the towns of Europe, and instead of fighting, they began trading with their neighbors.
Today, the Scandinavian countries are known as very peace-loving nations.
大约一千年前，被称为维京人的人们在整个欧洲广为人知并令人恐惧。维京人是欧洲北部地区的人，该地区被称为斯堪的纳维亚半岛，包括现代的丹麦、挪威和瑞典。维京人以务农和捕鱼为生。然而，大约在公元 700 年，他们开始袭击或袭击欧洲沿海城镇，以窃取这些城镇的财富。维京人发动袭击的速度非常快，而且没有任何警告。他们对他们袭击的城镇的人民非常残忍，他们有时会烧毁建筑物来摧毁城镇。在欧洲的一些地区，当地国王经常与维京人作战。然而，有时国王会付钱给维京人，以说服他们不要发动袭击。尽管维京人以凶猛的战士而闻名，但他们也建造了精良的船只。木制维京船，被称为长船，即使在非常恶劣的天气下也能航行。许多维京长船长约 20 米，但有些长近 90 米。维京水手使用帆和桨来移动他们的船只。维京人走遍了广阔的区域。他们在英国、法国和德国发动了许多袭击，但有时会向南航行到地中海。其他维京人向东移动，然后沿着俄罗斯的河流向南移动。有些人甚至到达了现在的土耳其所在的地区。在一些地方，维京人决定留下来。许多维京人在英格兰和法国定居，最终他们与当地人融合。其他维京人在俄罗斯定居，也与那里的人民融合。维京人最著名的航行是在大西洋。维京人向西航行到冰岛，许多人留在了那里。今天，冰岛人是维京人的后裔。一些维京人向西航行到寒冷的格陵兰岛。维京人在格陵兰岛生活了几代人，但最终他们灭绝了。一些维京人甚至走得更远，到达了加拿大的纽芬兰岛。维京人只在那里呆了几年，但他们比克里斯托弗·哥伦布早大约 500 年到达了北美！渐渐地，维京人皈依了基督教。他们也停止了袭击欧洲的城镇，他们没有战斗，而是开始与邻国进行贸易。今天，斯堪的纳维亚国家以非常热爱和平的国家而闻名。